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KMID : 1094720150200020259
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Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering
2015 Volume.20 No. 2 p.259 ~ p.266
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Effectiveness of various deproteinization processes of bovine cancellous bone evaluated via mechano-biostructural properties of produced osteoconductive biomaterials
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Uklejewski Ryszard
Winiecki Mariusz
Musielak Grzegorz
Toklowicz Renata
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Abstract
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The purpose of this work was to characterize the results of five different processes of bovine tissue deproteinization, resulting in the fabrication of deproteinized xenogenic osteoconductive biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration as an alternative to autogenic bone grafts. The studies on deproteinization processes of bovine cancellous bone specimens, excised from fresh femoral bovine heads, included the following five processes: thermal deproteinization and four chemical deproteinization processes using the solutions 2.6 wt% sodium hypochlorite, 7 wt% hydrogen peroxide, 1 N potassium hydroxide and 1 N sodium hydroxide. The optimal parameters of the thermal deproteinization were designed on the basis of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of bovine bone specimens during a pilot study of the process. Periodical evaluation of all the processes of chemical deproteinization was performed via the assessment of protein concentration in bone specimens by the Lowry method. The mechanical properties of deproteinized bone specimens were evaluated by compression testing in the air-dry condition. The compressive strength of the completely deproteinized bone specimens after the thermal deproteinization process was remarkably lower compared with those after the chemical deproteinization processes: 6.5 times lower compared with those deproteinized with 7 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution and 3 times lower compared with those deproteinized with 2.6 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution. The SEM examination of deproteinized bone specimens showed microcracks on the trabecular surfaces generated by thermal deproteinization stresses. The presence of microcracks in the biomaterial resulted in a decrease in its ultimate compressive strength.
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KEYWORD
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deproteinized xenogenic osteoconductive biomaterials, processes of bone deproteinization, mechanobiostructural properties, bone tissue regeneration
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